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CATEGORY: Optical Fundamentals - How it works

Raynox as a portrait lens
Experimental Photography Optical Fundamentals

Raynox as a portrait lens

Experiment converting the Raynox DCR-250 macro filter into a sharp 125mm f/2.9 portrait lens. Optical calculations on the bellows, setup, and sample photos.

Let's make a camera lens from a magnifying glass
Experimental Photography Optical Fundamentals

Let's make a camera lens from a magnifying glass

Have you ever thought about making your own lens? Learn how to take photos with a simple magnifying glass at home. Join this fun DIY project filled with optical basics, lens imperfections, and practical solutions!

Wide-angle macro photography and Laowa 15mm f4.0
Lens Tests Lenses Optical Fundamentals

Wide-angle macro photography and Laowa 15mm f4.0

Take a wide-angle look at the world of insects! Capture macro photos that feel real with the Laowa 15mm f/4 1:1 Macro lens. A comprehensive guide to perspective, lighting, and shooting challenges.

Aperture setting in macro photography and the diffraction effect
Lens Tests Optical Fundamentals

Aperture setting in macro photography and the diffraction effect

Why do small apertures like f/22 in macro photography reduce sharpness? Diffraction effects in photography, effective aperture, and the range where lenses are sharpest. A guide to choosing the right aperture without losing detail.

Macro close-up filters - Raynox DCR-250, MSN-202
Accesories Optical Fundamentals

Macro close-up filters - Raynox DCR-250, MSN-202

The easiest way to increase macro magnification with your existing lenses! We tested the Raynox DCR-250 and MSN-202 with different lenses. What is diopter, and how does it affect results with different lenses? Comparative tests and examples.

Macro photography with a microscope objective
Lenses Optical Fundamentals

Macro photography with a microscope objective

Go beyond 1:1 magnification in macro photography. Learn how to attach microscope lenses to your camera, the “finite” and “infinity” lens types, technical terms on lenses, and the challenges of high magnification.

Why is the depth of field so narrow? What is effective aperture?
Featured Focus & Depth of Field Optical Fundamentals

Why is the depth of field so narrow? What is effective aperture?

Why is the focus area so narrow in macro photography? Understand technical concepts such as depth of field (DOF), “circle of confusion,” and “effective aperture.” Learn which aperture to use based on magnification to achieve maximum sharpness in your photos.

True macro lens
Calibration & Adjustment Optical Fundamentals

True macro lens

What makes a lens a “true macro lens”? Beyond 1:1 magnification, discover the importance of ‘flat field’ performance, high resolution, and being a prime lens. Learn what to look for when buying a lens.